Key Terms

Black Power

a political ideology encouraging African Americans to create their own institutions and develop their own economic resources independent of White people

Black Pride

a cultural movement among African Americans to encourage pride in their African heritage and to substitute African and African American art forms, behaviors, and cultural products for those of White people

Black separatism

an ideology that called upon African Americans to reject integration with the White community and, in some cases, to physically separate themselves from White people in order to create and preserve their self-determination

counterinsurgency

a new military strategy under the Kennedy administration to suppress nationalist independence movements and rebel groups in the developing world

flexible response

a military strategy that allows for the possibility of responding to threats in a variety of ways, including counterinsurgency, conventional war, and nuclear strikes

Great Society

Lyndon Johnson’s plan to eliminate poverty and racial injustice in the United States and to improve the lives of all Americans

naval quarantine

Kennedy’s use of ships to prevent Soviet access to Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis

Port Huron Statement

the political manifesto of Students for a Democratic Society that called for social reform, nonviolent protest, and greater participation in the democratic process by ordinary Americans

Title VII

the section of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that prohibited discrimination in employment on the basis of gender

war on poverty

Lyndon Johnson’s plan to end poverty in the Unites States through the extension of federal benefits, job training programs, and funding for community development